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Serum Biomarkers in Paediatric Neurosurgery: Traumatic Brain Injury and Beyond
Benjamin J Hall1,2, Simon Abrams2, Michael J Griffiths3
1Department of Neurosurgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
Insights
Paediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) affects children globally, with mild cases being most common. Many mild TBIs show no radiological signs and are discharged without follow-up.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric neurology
- Trauma research
- Public health
Background:
- Paediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is a significant cause of childhood disability and mortality worldwide.
- TBI incidence varies globally, with higher rates in males and common occurrences in infancy and adolescence.
- Mild TBIs (mTBIs) constitute 75-90% of cases, often without clear radiological findings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the global impact and incidence of paediatric traumatic brain injury.
- To discuss the common age groups affected by TBI in children.
- To address the diagnostic challenges and follow-up care for mild TBIs in pediatric patients.
Main Methods:
- Review of global incidence data for paediatric TBI.
- Analysis of age-specific TBI prevalence peaks.
- Examination of diagnostic characteristics of mild TBI cases.
Main Results:
- TBI incidence ranges from 47 to 280 per 100,000 children.
- Infancy (0-2 years) and adolescence (15-18 years) represent peak TBI incidence periods.
- Most mild TBIs lack radiological evidence, leading to discharge without follow-up.
Conclusions:
- Paediatric TBI is a widespread public health issue requiring attention.
- Understanding TBI incidence patterns is crucial for targeted prevention and care.
- The high prevalence of radiologically negative mild TBIs necessitates improved diagnostic and management strategies.
Abstract:
As the leading cause of disability and death in children, paediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is a clinical concern that impacts children on a global scale [1]. The incidence of TBI varies dramatically both between and within countries, ranging between 47 and 280 per 100,000 children, and is generally more common in males [1]. All ages are affected by TBI throughout childhood, though typically two peaks during infancy (0-2 years) and adolescence (15-18 years) are the most common intervals [1]. Mild TBIs (mTBIs) are the most frequently diagnosed, accounting for between 75 and 90% of cases, with a vast majority demonstrating no pertinent radiological findings and discharged home without follow-up.
