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Related Experiment Video

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A wireless subdural-contained brain-computer interface with 65,536 electrodes and 1,024 channels.

Taesung Jung1,2, Nanyu Zeng1,3,2, Jason D Fabbri1

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Nature Electronics
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a flexible micro-electrocorticography device for high-bandwidth brain-computer interfaces. This integrated system offers thousands of electrodes and wireless capabilities for advanced neural recording.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electrocorticography (ECoG) traditionally uses non-penetrating electrodes on flexible substrates for brain surface recordings.
  • Advancing ECoG for minimally invasive, high-bandwidth brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) requires increased channel count and device scalability.
  • Integrating electrodes and electronics onto a single substrate is a key strategy for device miniaturization and performance enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly integrated, flexible micro-electrocorticography (micro-ECoG) device for advanced brain-computer interfaces.
  • To demonstrate a scalable BCI solution by merging a dense electrode array with signal processing and wireless communication capabilities.
  • To validate the chronic performance and signal decoding capabilities of the novel micro-ECoG device in animal models.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 50-μm-thick, mechanically flexible micro-ECoG chip using a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) substrate.
  • Integration of a 256 × 256 electrode array (65,536 electrodes total) with on-chip signal processing, data telemetry, and wireless power.
  • Bidirectional communication established between the implanted chip and an external relay station.
  • Chronic implantation and recording in pigs (up to two weeks) and non-human primates (up to two months) across somatosensory, motor, and visual cortices.

Main Results:

  • Successful integration of 65,536 recording electrodes with processing and wireless capabilities on a single flexible substrate.
  • Simultaneous recording from a selectable subset of up to 1,024 channels.
  • Wireless power and bidirectional communication demonstrated for the implanted device.
  • Chronic, reliable neural recordings achieved in pigs and non-human primates.
  • High spatiotemporal resolution decoding of brain signals from motor, sensory, and visual cortices.

Conclusions:

  • The developed micro-ECoG BCI represents a significant advancement in neural interface technology.
  • The device enables high-density, scalable, and minimally invasive neural recordings with wireless functionality.
  • This technology holds promise for future high-performance BCIs and neurological research applications.