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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management01:16

Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management

Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

Multifactor Risk Stratification for Post-Transplant Alcohol Relapse Using Abstinence, Psychosocial, and Socioeconomic

Ayato Obana1,2, Garren Montgomery3, Miho Akabane1

  • 1Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Ohio USA.

Annals of Gastroenterological Surgery
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liver transplant recipients with shorter pre-transplant alcohol abstinence and higher psychosocial risk scores show increased relapse rates. A multifactorial model improves risk prediction beyond the standard six-month rule.

Keywords:
alcohol relapsealcohol‐related liver diseaseliver transplantationrisk assessmentsocioeconomic factor

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Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Addiction Psychiatry

Background:

  • Post-liver transplant (LT) alcohol relapse impacts long-term outcomes and organ allocation.
  • The traditional six-month abstinence rule is a widely used but potentially insufficient metric for relapse risk.
  • Psychosocial, socioeconomic, and psychiatric factors also influence alcohol relapse after LT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the impact of pre-LT abstinence duration on post-LT alcohol relapse.
  • To develop a multivariable risk model for predicting alcohol relapse after LT.
  • To integrate abstinence duration, psychosocial assessment, and socioeconomic status into a predictive model.

Main Methods:

  • Single-center retrospective study of 383 adults undergoing LT for alcohol-related liver disease.
  • Multivariable analysis to identify predictors of post-LT alcohol relapse.
  • Development and validation of a prediction model incorporating abstinence duration, SIPAT score, and education level.

Main Results:

  • Alcohol relapse occurred in 20.9% of patients.
  • Shorter pre-LT abstinence, higher Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation (SIPAT) scores, and higher educational attainment were independently associated with relapse.
  • The prediction model achieved an AUC of 0.70, demonstrating good predictive performance.

Conclusions:

  • A multifactorial approach to relapse risk stratification is recommended, moving beyond a fixed six-month abstinence rule.
  • Incorporating abstinence duration, psychosocial assessment, and education level can better inform transplant listing and post-LT care intensity.
  • This approach may optimize patient selection and management for liver transplant recipients at risk of alcohol relapse.