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The Vertebrate Genomes Project Phase I: A global reference genome resource.
Giulio Formenti1, Dominic E Absolon2, Linelle Ann L Abueg1
1Vertebrate Genome Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|July 3, 2026
Summary
The Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP) has generated high-quality reference genomes for most vertebrate orders. This foundational work enables new discoveries in evolution, conservation, and medicine.
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Evolutionary Biology
- Conservation Biology
Background:
- The Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP) aims to create comprehensive reference genomes for all vertebrate species.
- Previous genomic efforts have been limited in scope and completeness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report the completion of Phase I of the VGP, delivering a substantial set of high-quality vertebrate reference genomes.
- To establish a genomic foundation for broad evolutionary and conservation research.
Main Methods:
- Genome sequencing and assembly of 815 vertebrate species over an 8-year period (2018-2026).
- Advanced genome annotation techniques and comparative genomic analyses.
- Integration of data from international consortium initiatives.
Main Results:
- Generation of high-quality reference genomes for ~97% of vertebrate orders, totaling 1.6 trillion base pairs.
- Reconstruction of the vertebrate ancestor's genome and insights into sex chromosome evolution.
- Identification of clade-specific 3D genome architecture and epigenetic landscapes.
Conclusions:
- VGP Phase I provides a critical resource for vertebrate genomics, evolution, and conservation.
- The generated genomes facilitate studies on gene evolution, immune function, and cancer genetics.
- Genomic data aids in understanding extinction risk for threatened species.
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