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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Biofunctionalization of Magnetic Nanomaterials
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Engineering iron oxide nanoparticles for enhanced radiosensitization.

Indiana Ternad1, Valentin Lecomte1, Eglantine Beauchot1

  • 1General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons (UMONS) Mons Belgium dimitri.stanicki@umons.ac.be Sophie.laurent@umons.ac.be +3265373594 +3265373525.

RSC Advances
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
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Carboxylated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with a 7 nm core size enhance radiotherapy by improving cellular uptake and inhibiting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Commercial IONPs showed limited radiosensitizing effects.

Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine
  • Radiotherapy Enhancement
  • Cancer Cell Biology

Background:

  • Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) show promise for radiosensitization in cancer therapy.
  • Optimizing IONP properties is crucial for maximizing therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the radiosensitizing performance of commercial and synthesized carboxylated IONPs in A549 lung carcinoma cells.
  • To investigate the underlying biological mechanisms, including cellular uptake, ROS generation, lysosomal degradation, and TrxR inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of commercial (Sinerem®, Endorem®) and synthesized carboxylated IONPs (5-12 nm core size).
  • Assessment of cellular internalization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lysosomal degradation, and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibition in A549 cells.

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  • Comparison of radiosensitizing effects in relation to nanoparticle characteristics.

    • Main Results:

    • Carboxylated IONPs, especially with a 7 nm core, demonstrated superior radiosensitization.
    • Enhanced cellular uptake and significant TrxR inhibition correlated with improved radiosensitizing effects.
    • Commercial IONPs exhibited poor cellular internalization and minimal radiosensitizing capacity.
    • No significant increase in basal ROS levels was observed; redox imbalance and TrxR inhibition were key factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Nanoparticle size and surface chemistry are critical for radiosensitizing efficacy.
    • Carboxylated IONPs offer a promising strategy for enhancing radiotherapy through mechanisms beyond simple ROS overproduction.
    • Intracellular degradation and TrxR inhibition are key determinants of IONP-mediated radiosensitization.