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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Microstate and Omega Complexity Analyses of the Resting-state Electroencephalography
06:40

Microstate and Omega Complexity Analyses of the Resting-state Electroencephalography

Published on: June 15, 2018

Resting-state brain dynamics characteristics in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A study based on hidden Markov model.

Yuhan Zhang1, Zhaoxia Liu2, Yuefan Chen1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510631, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, Guangdong Province, China.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients exhibit altered brain dynamics, spending more time in certain states and less time in others. These changes in brain activity patterns may explain cognitive inflexibility in OCD.

Keywords:
Brain networksDynamic patternHidden Markov modelObsessive-compulsive disorderResting-state fMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) pathophysiology remains unclear despite identified functional abnormalities.
  • Understanding brain dynamics is crucial for elucidating neural activity mechanisms in complex systems like the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dynamic alterations in resting-state brain activity in OCD patients using hidden Markov modeling (HMM).
  • To offer a dynamic perspective on OCD pathophysiology by analyzing brain state transitions and temporal features.

Main Methods:

  • Employed hidden Markov modeling (HMM) on resting-state fMRI data from 60 OCD patients and 57 healthy controls (HCs).
  • Identified distinct brain states and compared their temporal features and transition patterns between OCD patients and HCs.

Main Results:

  • OCD patients spent more time in a state of mildly elevated global activation.
  • OCD patients spent less time in a state with high auditory/salience network activation and low default mode/frontoparietal network activation.
  • OCD patients exhibited reduced switching rates between brain states and difficulty transitioning into specific states.

Conclusions:

  • Altered dynamic brain network activity patterns, including abnormal state occupancy and reduced switching, are characteristic of OCD.
  • These dynamic alterations may be linked to salience network dysfunction and cognitive inflexibility in OCD.
  • Further research is needed to confirm the specificity and clinical relevance of these findings.