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Boosting electrocardiography leads location training through virtual reality simulation: effects on skill performance

Fatemeh Kermanian¹, Parham Safiyari², Gholamreza Hassanzadeh³

¹Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.

BMC Medical Education

|July 3, 2026

Summary

Virtual reality (VR) training significantly improved electrocardiography lead placement performance and student satisfaction compared to traditional methods. VR simulation offers a valuable tool for medical education, enhancing learning outcomes and learner engagement.

Keywords:

Anatomy Medical education Simulation Virtual reality

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Area of Science:

Medical Education
Simulation-Based Learning
Cardiology Training

Background:

Traditional methods for electrocardiography (ECG) lead placement training include using mannequins or real patients.
Medical students' performance and satisfaction with these methods can vary.
Exploring innovative training modalities is crucial for enhancing medical education.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of virtual reality (VR) simulation on medical students' performance in electrocardiography lead placement.
To compare student satisfaction levels between VR simulation, mannequin-based training, and real-patient training.
To assess the effectiveness of VR as a supplementary tool in anatomy education.

Main Methods:

A true experimental study involving 90 undergraduate medical students.
Three groups were formed for training: real patient, mannequin, and VR simulation.
Performance was assessed using the Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) test, and satisfaction was measured via a survey.

Main Results:

The VR group demonstrated significantly higher DOPS scores (17.5) compared to the patient (15.2) and mannequin (15.3) groups (P < 0.001).
Student satisfaction was significantly greater in the VR group (2.35) than in the patient (1.74) and mannequin (1.76) groups (P < 0.001).
VR simulation proved superior in both skill acquisition and learner satisfaction.

Conclusions:

VR simulation offers a highly effective and engaging method for electrocardiography lead placement training.
Integrating VR into anatomy education can boost learner motivation and satisfaction.
VR technology holds significant potential to enhance medical training curricula.