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Related Concept Videos

Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
Gradually Varying Flow01:29

Gradually Varying Flow

Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Uniform Depth Channel Flow01:27

Uniform Depth Channel Flow

Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Visualizing Hyporheic Flow Through Bedforms Using Dye Experiments and Simulation
09:49

Visualizing Hyporheic Flow Through Bedforms Using Dye Experiments and Simulation

Published on: November 18, 2015

GLORIF1, a global river flow dataset created by integrating process-based modelling and machine learning.

Sümeyye Büşra Işık1,2,3, Oriol Pomarol Moya1, Michele Magni1

  • 1Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Scientific Data
|July 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Accurate global streamflow data are crucial for water management. The new GLORIF1 dataset offers a reliable, globally accessible monthly river discharge record from 1979-2019, improving hydrological studies.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Visualizing Hyporheic Flow Through Bedforms Using Dye Experiments and Simulation
09:49

Visualizing Hyporheic Flow Through Bedforms Using Dye Experiments and Simulation

Published on: November 18, 2015

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Capturing Flow-weighted Water and Suspended Particulates from Agricultural Canals During Drainage Events

Published on: November 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Hydrology
  • Environmental Science
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Accurate streamflow data are vital for global water resource management and climate resilience.
  • Existing global datasets often suffer from inaccuracies and limited observational data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce GLORIF1 (GLObal RIver Flow version 1), a comprehensive monthly river discharge dataset spanning 1979-2019.
  • To provide a globally accessible and accurate streamflow dataset for hydrological research.

Main Methods:

  • A hybrid modeling approach integrating the PCR-GLOBWB (PCRaster GLOBal Water Balance) hydrological model with a Random Forest (RF) algorithm.
  • Training the model using data from the Global River Discharge (GRDC).
  • Validation using independent datasets from GSIM and RSEG.

Main Results:

  • Development of GLORIF1, a monthly river discharge dataset covering 1979-2019 with global coverage.
  • The dataset integrates hydrological modeling with machine learning for enhanced accuracy.
  • Validation confirms the dataset's reliability for hydrological applications.

Conclusions:

  • GLORIF1 addresses the limitations of existing streamflow datasets by providing accurate, globally available data.
  • This dataset serves as a valuable resource for advancing global hydrology and water-related studies.
  • Public accessibility of GLORIF1 promotes wider use in research and water management.