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Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...

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Highly Sensitive and Rapid Fluorescence Detection with a Portable FRET Analyzer
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Bioinspired Bilayer Hydrogel Colorimetric Sensor Array for Low-Temperature Food Freshness Analysis.

Yu Zhang1, Meng-Xian Liu2, Yong-Liang Yu1

  • 1Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.

Analytical Chemistry
|July 5, 2026
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Summary

A new bioinspired hydrogel sensor mimics the nose to detect food spoilage. This colorimetric sensor platform offers sensitive, on-site monitoring of volatile compounds and pathogens in refrigerated foods.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Sensitive food freshness monitoring is crucial for food safety but challenging in cold-chain conditions.
  • Existing methods struggle with low-temperature and high-humidity environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a bioinspired bilayer hydrogel colorimetric sensing platform for sensitive food freshness monitoring.
  • To mimic the olfactory mucosa's capture-transport-response mechanism for enhanced gas sensing.

Main Methods:

  • A bilayer hydrogel system with an upper adsorption layer (hollow ZIF-8 NMs in agar hydrogel) for analyte preconcentration.
  • A lower sensing layer (PVA/PAM hydrogel with dye array) for colorimetric detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
  • Integration with smartphone imaging for portable, on-site analysis.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an ultralow detection limit of 0.02 ppm for trimethylamine.
  • Enabled rapid and discriminative identification of spoilage markers (2-nonanone, glutaraldehyde, trimethylamine).
  • Detected common foodborne pathogens down to 2 log CFU mL⁻¹.

Conclusions:

  • The synergistic enrichment-reaction design provides a sensitive platform for gas sensing in humid, low-temperature environments.
  • The bioinspired sensor offers a portable, on-site tool for early-stage assessment of refrigerated food freshness.
  • Establishes a general analytical strategy for stratified sensing in cold-chain applications.