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Related Concept Videos

Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
Coronary Circulation01:21

Coronary Circulation

The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Wireless Telemetry Device Implantation in a Fontan Ovine Model for Continuous and Long-Term Hemodynamic Monitoring
06:29

Wireless Telemetry Device Implantation in a Fontan Ovine Model for Continuous and Long-Term Hemodynamic Monitoring

Published on: May 2, 2025

Single Ventricle Fontan: The Basics for General Cardiologists.

Berardo Sarubbi1, Flavia Fusco1, Michela Palma1

  • 1Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.

Methodist Debakey Cardiovascular Journal
|July 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults with single-ventricle physiology and Fontan circulation face lifelong risks of cardiac and extracardiac complications. Early recognition and specialized care are crucial for managing these complex Fontan-associated conditions.

Keywords:
Fontan circulationFontan failureadult congenital heart diseaselong-term complicationssingle ventricletotal cavo-pulmonary connection

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Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
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Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens

Published on: April 18, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Wireless Telemetry Device Implantation in a Fontan Ovine Model for Continuous and Long-Term Hemodynamic Monitoring
06:29

Wireless Telemetry Device Implantation in a Fontan Ovine Model for Continuous and Long-Term Hemodynamic Monitoring

Published on: May 2, 2025

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
06:02

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens

Published on: April 18, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease
  • Pediatric Cardiology

Background:

  • Single-ventricle physiology presents complex congenital heart defects.
  • Staged surgical palliation, including the Fontan procedure, has improved survival to adulthood.
  • General cardiologists now frequently manage adults with Fontan circulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a physiology-based overview of single-ventricle anatomy and the Fontan pathway.
  • To review common long-term cardiac and extracardiac complications of Fontan circulation.
  • To outline principles for lifelong surveillance in adults with Fontan physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on single-ventricle physiology and Fontan circulation.
  • Physiology-based approach to understanding Fontan-associated complications.
  • Synthesis of guidelines for surveillance and management.

Main Results:

  • Fontan circulation is palliative, leading to chronic venous hypertension and limited reserve.
  • Common complications include arrhythmias, thromboembolism, ventricular dysfunction, and organ-specific diseases.
  • Lifelong surveillance is essential for early detection of deterioration.

Conclusions:

  • Adults with Fontan circulation require specialized lifelong care.
  • Timely referral to adult congenital heart disease centers improves outcomes.
  • Understanding Fontan physiology is key to managing long-term risks.