Related Experiment Videos
Rethinking foreign language boredom in AI-assisted learning: the hidden roles of growth mindset, AI literacy, and AI
Wan Qin1,2, Yanyan Chen1, Hui Wang1
1School of Education, Huaibei Institute of Technology, Huaibei, China.
Frontiers in Psychology
|July 6, 2026
Summary
A growth mindset reduces English as a Foreign Language (EFL) boredom indirectly by improving artificial intelligence (AI) literacy and AI self-efficacy. These AI competencies mediate the relationship, showing AI
Area of Science:
- Educational Technology
- Applied Linguistics
- Psychology of Learning
Background:
- Artificial intelligence (AI) integration in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning necessitates understanding learner emotions, particularly EFL boredom.
- EFL boredom negatively impacts motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes, yet its relationship with growth mindset in AI environments is underexplored.
- AI literacy and AI self-efficacy are potential factors influencing EFL boredom in AI-assisted learning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the relationships between growth mindset, AI literacy, AI self-efficacy, and EFL boredom in AI-assisted EFL learning.
- To construct and test a sequential mediation model illustrating these relationships.
- To investigate the indirect effects of growth mindset on EFL boredom via AI-related competencies.
Main Methods:
- A time-lagged design with three waves of data collection from 536 first-year university students in China.
- Validated scales were used to measure growth mindset (Phase 1), AI literacy and AI self-efficacy (Phase 2), and EFL boredom (Phase 3).
- Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Bootstrap mediation analyses were conducted using SPSS and AMOS.
Main Results:
- Growth mindset positively predicted AI literacy and AI self-efficacy.
- AI literacy and AI self-efficacy negatively predicted EFL boredom.
- Growth mindset did not directly predict EFL boredom, but AI literacy and AI self-efficacy showed significant independent and sequential mediating effects.
Conclusions:
- Growth mindset alleviates EFL boredom indirectly through enhanced AI literacy and AI self-efficacy, not directly.
- AI literacy and AI self-efficacy play crucial roles in managing emotional experiences within AI-enhanced EFL contexts.
- Findings extend growth mindset theory to AI-enhanced language education, emphasizing the importance of AI-related competencies.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Growth versus Fixed Mindset
Carol Dweck introduced the term mindset to describe individuals' beliefs about their intellectual and personal capabilities. These beliefs significantly influence psychological processes such as motivation, goal-setting, and perseverance, ultimately shaping academic and life outcomes. Individuals generally possess one of two mindsets- a fixed or a growth mindset—each promoting different responses to success, failure, and challenge.Fixed vs. Growth MindsetA fixed mindset assumes that one's...
01:16Non-equilibrium in the Cell
An important concept in studying metabolism and energy is that of chemical equilibrium. Most chemical reactions are reversible. They can proceed in both directions, releasing energy into their environment in one direction, and absorbing it from the environment in the other direction. The same is true for the chemical reactions involved in cell metabolism, such as the breaking down and building up of proteins into and from individual amino acids, respectively. Reactants within a closed system...
01:27Language and Cognition
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
01:29Self-Efficacy
Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to organize and execute actions necessary to manage prospective situations. This belief significantly influences how individuals approach goals, tasks, and challenges across different domains of life.Psychological and Educational ImpactsIndividuals with strong self-efficacy are more resilient in the face of difficulties. They are more likely to adopt effective problem-solving strategies, persist through obstacles, and regulate emotions such as...
01:26Metacognition
Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
01:21Cognitive Learning
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...