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Exploring Sub-Microsecond Plasma Membrane Potential Shifts and Bioeffects Under Low-Energy Electric Pulse

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  • 1JBSA Fort Sam Houston, General Dynamics Information Technology, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low-energy electric pulses (EPs) can depolarize cell membranes. Nanosecond EP bursts, unlike single pulses, charge membranes through temporal summation, inducing calcium responses in neurons without cell damage.

Keywords:
NSEP trainsPM depolarizationaction potentialslow electric fieldnanoporation

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cellular Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Micro- and millisecond electric pulses (EPs) depolarize cellular plasma membranes (PM) below electroporation thresholds.
  • Individual nanosecond EPs (NSEPs) are too brief to depolarize cells via PM charging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of low-energy nanosecond EP bursts on cellular PM depolarization.
  • To compare the efficacy of NSEP bursts versus single microsecond EPs in inducing PM depolarization and calcium influx.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized optical measurements with FluoVolt™ (a membrane potential reporter) and a streak imaging system.
  • Applied single 200 µs EPs and 5 MHz trains of 1000 and 2000 NSEPs (100 ns duration) at ~0.2 kV/cm.
  • Recorded ultra-fast streak kymographs to visualize PM voltage changes.

Main Results:

  • Observed small PM fluorescence changes (up to ~7%) following EP exposure, correlating with pulse width or burst interval.
  • Single 200 µs EPs were more effective at PM charging than equivalent-energy 2000 NSEP bursts.
  • Increasing pulse width or voltage was necessary to enhance PM depolarization; however, modest depolarization opened voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in neurons.

Conclusions:

  • Low-energy 5 MHz NSEP bursts and single µs EPs effectively induce PM depolarization and Ca2+ responses.
  • These methods achieve cellular effects without causing observable cellular damage.
  • Temporal summation of NSEPs offers a viable strategy for non-damaging cellular membrane manipulation.