Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
09:40

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

Published on: June 11, 2015

Exploring phages through play: creative 3D models for science engagement

Maisie R Czernuszka1,2, George Dodgson1, Andrew Martin1

  • 1School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, SEE Building, University Road, Salford, M5 4WT, UK.

Access Microbiology
|July 6, 2026
PubMed

Insights

3D-printed phage models improve understanding of phage biology and their role in combating bacterial infections. These tactile tools enhance public and professional awareness of phage therapy as an alternative to antibiotics.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Science Communication

Background:

  • Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses with therapeutic potential against bacterial pathogens.
  • Limited public and professional understanding of phages hinders the clinical adoption of phage therapy.
  • Effective communication tools are needed to explain phage biology and applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate open-source, 3D-printed microbial models for educating about phage biology.
  • To assess the models' effectiveness in communicating phage diversity, host specificity, and life cycles.
  • To gauge the models' impact on public understanding of phage-bacteria interactions and phage therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Development of open-source, 3D-printed models of phages and bacteria.
  • Evaluation of models at public engagement events with diverse audiences.
  • Collection of quantitative (surveys) and qualitative (feedback) data on usability and educational value.

Main Results:

  • Models demonstrated high usability and educational value across diverse audiences.
  • 90% of participants reported improved understanding of phage-bacteria interactions.
  • Qualitative feedback indicated sustained engagement and informed model refinement for clarity.

Conclusions:

  • 3D-printed phage models are a low-cost, scalable tool for outreach and education in phage biology.
  • These models effectively bridge the gap between complex phage concepts and public comprehension.
  • Enhanced understanding can support the wider adoption of phage-based alternatives to antibiotics for drug-resistant infections.
Keywords:
3D printingactive learningbacteriophagescreative science communicationeducationpublic engagement

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