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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

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A coma pattern-based autofocusing method resolves bacterial cold shock response at single-cell level.

Sihong Li1, Zhixin Ma1,2, Yue Yu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.

Elife
|July 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed LUNA (Locking Under Nanoscale Accuracy), an autofocusing method to overcome focus drift in bacterial cold shock response (CSR) studies. This innovation reveals continuous single-cell growth and division during cold adaptation.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Bacterial cold shock response (CSR) mechanisms are crucial for understanding microbial survival.
  • Current imaging techniques struggle with focus drift during rapid temperature changes needed for CSR studies.
  • Single-cell physiological profiling offers insights into bacterial adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate LUNA (Locking Under Nanoscale Accuracy), a novel autofocusing method for high-precision imaging.
  • To overcome focus drift limitations in studying bacterial cold shock response at the single-cell level.
  • To elucidate the dynamic mechanisms of bacterial adaptation to cold shock.

Main Methods:

  • Development of LUNA, an autofocusing technique utilizing coma pattern analysis of detection light.
Keywords:
E. coliautofocuscold shockcoma patterncomputational biologymicrofluidicsphysics of living systemssingle-cell analysissystems biology

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  • Application of LUNA to single-cell imaging during rapid temperature downshifts.
  • Quantitative analysis of cellular growth, division, and adaptation dynamics.

    • Main Results:

    • LUNA achieves 3 nm focusing precision and extends the focusing range significantly (40x objective depth of focus).
    • Complete dynamics of bacterial single-cell CSR were resolved, showing continuous growth and division.
    • A three-phase adaptation process with distinct growth deceleration dynamics was identified.
    • Bacterial cells demonstrated robust size regulation and synchronized adaptation to cold shock.

    Conclusions:

    • LUNA effectively overcomes focus drift, enabling unprecedented insights into bacterial cold shock response.
    • Bacterial adaptation to cold involves continuous growth and division, coordinated through synchronized cycles.
    • A scattering theory model reconciles batch culture lag with single-cell continuous growth, advancing our understanding of bacterial physiology.