Predictive markers of endometriosis: a future perspective.

Area of Science:

• Gynecology
• Reproductive Health
• Chronic Disease Research

Background:

• Endometriosis affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age, causing pain and infertility.
• It is characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus and is difficult to diagnose early.
• Endometriosis shares genetic and molecular pathways with chronic pain and inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review emerging predictive markers for endometriosis risk stratification.
• To highlight the multifactorial nature of the disorder.
• To emphasize the need for improved diagnostic and preventive strategies.

Main Methods:

• This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on predictive markers for endometriosis.
• It examines genetic, epigenetic, clinical, and psychosocial factors.
• The review focuses on associations with disease initiation, development, and symptom severity.

Main Results:

• Candidate markers include genetic/epigenetic alterations, dysmenorrhea, migraine, autoimmune disorders, and stress.
• These factors are linked to disease onset, lesion progression, and symptom severity.
• Interactions between these factors may enable multimodal risk stratification.

Conclusions:

• Endometriosis is a complex disorder with multifactorial origins.
• Emerging biomarkers show promise for improved risk assessment.
• Further large-scale prospective studies are crucial for validation and targeted interventions.