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Published on: September 5, 2025
Low carbon lightweight panels reinforced with biochar and simulated for passive thermal regulation in smart buildings
Mahapara Abbass1, Sana Abass Wani2, Arti Chouksey3
1Department of Civil Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
Abstract:
The rising demand for carbon-neutral construction materials has driven research into alternatives to conventional cement-based panels. This study develops lightweight, low-carbon geopolymer panels reinforced with biochar derived from agricultural residue. By partially substituting sand with biochar, the panels exhibit enhanced thermal insulation while maintaining adequate mechanical and durability properties. Experimental investigations confirmed improvements in thermal conductivity, chloride resistance, and acid durability up to an optimum biochar content of 10-15%. Additionally, dual-domain numerical simulations demonstrated the panels' dimensional stability under transient heat transfer and thermal stress conditions, indicating their ability to passively regulate indoor temperature. The findings establish biochar-geopolymer composites as a scalable, sustainable pathway for smart building envelopes, aligning with circular economy principles and climate-resilient construction practices.
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