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Forest-river interfaces shape lobomycosis risk in the Amazon Basin.

Franciely G Gonçalves1,2,3, Roberto C Ilacqua1, Luiza A Vianna4

  • 1Graduate Program in Health Sciences, FMABC University Center, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
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Summary

Lobomycosis (a fungal infection) in the Amazon is linked to the spatial arrangement of forests and water bodies, not just forest cover. Forest-river interfaces are key areas for disease occurrence.

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In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice
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In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice

Published on: February 20, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Mycology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Lobomycosis is a chronic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides lobogeorgii, prevalent in the Amazon Basin.
  • Traditionally linked to forest exposure, the disease's spatial occurrence may be influenced by riverine landscapes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the environmental determinants of lobomycosis spatial occurrence in the Amazon.
  • To explore the role of landscape composition and configuration, particularly forest-river interfaces, in disease distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Spatial case-background study with 192 lobomycosis cases.
  • Analysis of annual land use/land cover data at 3 km² and 10 km² scales.
  • Generalized additive models to assess associations between environmental variables and lobomycosis, considering spatial structure.

Main Results:

  • Landscape configuration, especially water-body dominance and river proximity, was more influential than composition alone.
  • Models indicated that forest-river interfaces are associated with lobomycosis occurrence.
  • The largest patch index for water bodies was a significant predictor.

Conclusions:

  • Lobomycosis distribution in the Amazon is influenced by the spatial configuration of forests and aquatic environments.
  • Forest-river interfaces may be critical zones for disease ecology and human exposure.
  • Findings offer insights for lobomycosis surveillance and prevention in riverine areas.