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Related Concept Videos

From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
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Overview
The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
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Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells
14:02

Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells

Published on: April 9, 2018

Reading another hidden message in the genetic code.

Yuichiro Mishima1

  • 1Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|July 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Scientists found that the protein DHX29 reads a hidden code within codons that controls messenger RNA stability. This discovery offers new insights into how gene expression is regulated during translation.

Keywords:
mRNA decayribosomesynonymous codonstranslation

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • The genetic code dictates protein sequences and influences messenger RNA (mRNA) stability.
  • The mechanisms by which mRNA stability is encoded and read remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the molecular factors responsible for reading the mRNA stability code.
  • To elucidate the role of codon sequences in regulating gene expression through mRNA stability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized human cell lines and molecular biology techniques.
  • Investigated the interaction between codons, mRNA, and specific proteins.
  • Focused on the function of the human DEAD-box helicase 29 (DHX29) protein.

Main Results:

  • Identified human DHX29 as a key protein that reads the mRNA stability code.
  • Demonstrated that DHX29's function is linked to specific codon sequences.
  • Provided mechanistic insights into translation-coupled gene regulation.

Conclusions:

  • DHX29 acts as a reader of the codon-based mRNA stability code.
  • This finding reveals a novel layer of gene regulation linked to the translation process.
  • Highlights the intricate relationship between genetic information and gene expression control.