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Development and Psychometric Analysis of an Instrument to Measure Entrenched Toxic Culture in Academic Nursing

Becky Good1, Kristen F Kirby, Karen J Foli

  • 1About the Authors Becky Good, DNP, FNP-BC, CNE, is a clinical associate professor, Baylor University Louise Herrington School of Nursing, Dallas, Texas. Kristen F. Kirby, DNP, FNP-BC, CNE, is a clinical associate professor, Baylor University Louise Herrington School of Nursing. Karen J. Foli, PhD, RN, ANEF, FAAN, is a professor and endowed chair for mental health nursing, Baylor University Louise Herrington School of Nursing. Tony Chase, PhD, is an associate professor, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana. Cynthia M. Clark, PhD, RN, ANEF, FAAN, is professor emeritus, Boise State University School of Nursing, Boise, Idaho.

Nursing Education Perspectives
|July 7, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
Academic NursingEntrenched Toxic CultureInstrument DevelopmentPsychometric Properties

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