The Effectiveness of an OPTIMAL Theory-Based Training Program on Throwing Skill Learning in Children with Autism...

Area of Science:

• Motor Learning
• Developmental Psychology
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is frequently linked to motor skill deficits, impacting object-control abilities like throwing and kicking.
• The OPTIMAL theory suggests autonomy support, enhanced expectancy, and external focus optimize motor learning and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the impact of an OPTIMAL theory-based training program on the motor learning and performance of children with ASD.
• To assess improvements in object-control skills through a structured intervention.

Main Methods:

• A randomized controlled trial involving 30 children with ASD (ages 6-11) was conducted.
• Participants were assigned to either an experimental group (OPTIMAL theory-based training) or a control group.
• The training focused on overarm throwing, incorporating autonomy support, enhanced expectancy, and external focus of attention.

Main Results:

• The OPTIMAL group demonstrated significantly superior performance during practice and in both short-term and long-term retention tests compared to the control group.
• Statistical analysis revealed significant differences favoring the OPTIMAL group in all assessed stages (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

• The OPTIMAL theory-based training program positively influenced motor performance and retention in children with ASD.
• While findings support the OPTIMAL theory's efficacy, further research is needed to confirm the underlying motivational mechanisms due to limitations in direct measurement.