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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Development of a Human Preclinical Model of Osteoclastogenesis from Peripheral Blood Monocytes Co-cultured with Breast Cancer Cell Lines
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Development of a Human Preclinical Model of Osteoclastogenesis from Peripheral Blood Monocytes Co-cultured with Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: September 13, 2017

Tumor-induced osteomalacia: a 2026 update.

Salvatore Minisola1, Seiji Fukumoto2, Alessandro Corsi3

  • 1Department of Medical and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy - salvatore.minisola@uniroma1.it.

Minerva Medica
|July 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare condition caused by excess fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Early diagnosis and surgical removal of the responsible tumor are key to successful treatment.

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Monitoring Tumor Metastases and Osteolytic Lesions with Bioluminescence and Micro CT Imaging
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Published on: April 14, 2011

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Development of a Human Preclinical Model of Osteoclastogenesis from Peripheral Blood Monocytes Co-cultured with Breast Cancer Cell Lines
06:00

Development of a Human Preclinical Model of Osteoclastogenesis from Peripheral Blood Monocytes Co-cultured with Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: September 13, 2017

Monitoring Tumor Metastases and Osteolytic Lesions with Bioluminescence and Micro CT Imaging
08:04

Monitoring Tumor Metastases and Osteolytic Lesions with Bioluminescence and Micro CT Imaging

Published on: April 14, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Metabolic Bone Disease

Background:

  • Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an ultrarare paraneoplastic syndrome.
  • It results from excessive fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) production.
  • Low disease awareness leads to underdiagnosis and delayed treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges of TIO.
  • To review the biochemical and histological hallmarks of TIO.
  • To discuss current imaging and treatment modalities for TIO.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biochemical findings: hypophosphatemia, FGF23 levels, 1,25(OH)2D levels, and renal phosphate wasting.
  • Histological identification of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors.
  • Evaluation of imaging techniques for tumor localization, including 68Ga DOTA-based technologies.

Main Results:

  • TIO diagnosis is often delayed due to nonspecific symptoms and low awareness.
  • Biochemical markers include hypophosphatemia and elevated FGF23.
  • Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors are the primary cause, often small and slow-growing.
  • 68Ga DOTA-based imaging offers high sensitivity and specificity for tumor detection.

Conclusions:

  • TIO requires a high index of suspicion due to nonspecific symptoms.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on characteristic biochemical profiles and tumor localization.
  • Surgical resection of the causative tumor is the primary treatment for TIO.