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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
Assessing Body Temperature - Oral01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...

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Ocular thermography and rectal thermometry show similar diagnostic performance for detecting abnormal body temperature in dogs.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Assessment of Sensory Thresholds in Dogs Using Mechanical and Hot Thermal Quantitative Sensory Testing
07:12

Assessment of Sensory Thresholds in Dogs Using Mechanical and Hot Thermal Quantitative Sensory Testing

Published on: October 26, 2021

Estimation of a reference interval for eye temperature in dogs.

Sahar Rostami, Kimberly A Woodruff, Abigail McBride

    American Journal of Veterinary Research
    |July 7, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study establishes reference intervals for eye temperature (ET) and rectal temperature (RT) in shelter dogs. These findings aid in assessing canine health and identifying potential medical concerns.

    Keywords:
    canineeye temperatureinfrared thermographyrectal temperaturereference interval

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Animal Health
    • Biomedical Research

    Background:

    • Accurate temperature measurement is crucial for assessing canine health.
    • Establishing reliable reference intervals (RIs) for vital signs like temperature is essential for veterinary diagnostics.
    • Eye temperature (ET) offers a potentially less invasive alternative to traditional rectal temperature (RT) measurements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the reference interval (RI) for eye temperature (ET) in apparently healthy shelter dogs.
    • To establish a comparative RI for rectal temperature (RT) in the same canine population.
    • To provide data supporting the use of eye thermography as a practical screening tool.

    Main Methods:

    • A cross-sectional study was conducted at a municipal shelter.
    • Apparently healthy dogs were included, excluding those with illness history or respiratory symptoms.
    • Eye temperature (ET) was measured using a handheld thermal camera, and rectal temperature (RT) was recorded from the same dogs.

    Main Results:

    • The 95% RI for ET was determined to be 35.0 to 38.5 °C.
    • The 95% RI for RT was found to be 37.5 to 39.7 °C.
    • Bootstrap-derived 90% confidence intervals were calculated for both ET and RT limits.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides baseline ET screening limits for dogs based on a moderate sample size.
    • The calculated RT interval validates the normal temperature status of the studied dog population.
    • Temperatures falling outside these established RIs warrant further individual medical evaluation.