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Published on: May 23, 2025
Ginseng glycopeptides from Panax ginseng: Process optimization, structural characteristics, and immunomodulatory
Ping Yu1, Chuanzhi Kang2, Qinghe Zhang3
1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250012, China; College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
This study optimized enzymatic hydrolysis for ginseng glycopeptides (PGG). Purified PGG demonstrated significant immunomodulatory effects in mice, enhancing immune responses and supporting its potential as a novel immunomodulator.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Ginseng is known for its medicinal properties.
- Ginseng glycopeptides (PGG) are bioactive compounds with potential health benefits.
- Optimizing PGG preparation is crucial for its therapeutic applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an efficient enzymatic hydrolysis process for preparing ginseng glycopeptides (PGG).
- To characterize the purified PGG.
- To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of PGG in vivo.
Main Methods:
- Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis process.
- Purified PGG was characterized by molecular weight, amino acid, and sugar composition.
- Immunomodulatory effects were assessed in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice, evaluating phagocytosis, splenocyte proliferation, delayed-type hypersensitivity, serum hemolysin, and TNF-α expression.
Main Results:
- The optimized hydrolysis conditions yielded a high degree of hydrolysis (49.49%).
- Purified PGG (57.829 kDa) was rich in galactose, arabinose, arginine, and phenylalanine, with an O-glycosidic linkage.
- PGG significantly restored immune functions in immunosuppressed mice, showing marked enhancement in various immune parameters.
Conclusions:
- An efficient method for preparing ginseng glycopeptides was established.
- Ginseng glycopeptide (PGG) exhibits multi-component, multi-target immunomodulatory mechanisms.
- PGG shows promise as a novel glycopeptide-based immunomodulator for enhancing immune function.
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