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Published on: August 23, 2019
Mechanistic Suppression of Spoilage in Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) Using Phase Change Materials: An
Ravi Harini1, Vidhyadharan A1, C K Sunil1
1Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management - Thanjavur (NIFTEM-T), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Thanjavur, India.
None:
Maintaining stable sub-2°C temperatures is critical for preserving tropical oily fish during post-harvest distribution. This study provides a mechanistic, multi-analytical assessment linking electronic nose (E-nose) volatile profiling, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) semi-volatile metabolite characterization, protein fraction dynamics, classical oxidative indices, and muscle histology in Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) stored under five treatments: fresh fish control (FF), 100% ice (F1), 100% PCM (F2), PCM:ice 50:50 (F3), and PCM:ice 70:30 (F4). Phase changing material (PCM)-dominant treatments (F2, F4) maintained sub-2°C conditions for 47-49 h approximately twice as long as ice resulting in significantly lower total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) (∼15% vs. ∼30% increase), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), (0.52-0.56 vs. 0.63 mg MDA/kg), and higher water-soluble protein (WSP) retention (WSP: 76%-88%). A novel E-nose/GC-MS integration table confirms that both analytical platforms provide complementary, non-redundant spoilage signatures that converge on a unified mechanism: PCM-driven thermal stability suppresses lipolysis, proteolysis, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reduction, and microbial catabolism. The net spoilage index (NSI) correlated strongly with E-nose principal component 1 (PC1) (r = 0.93, p < 0.001) and sub-2°C duration (r = -0.89, p < 0.01). Histology confirmed reduced myofibrillar disruption under PCM storage. These findings establish PCM-based hybrid cooling as an analytically validated, scalable strategy for improving cold-chain resilience in tropical fisheries.
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