[THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL BIOETHICS: FROM PURE IDEA TO ORGANIZATION OF REGULAR CLINICAL CONSULTATIONS]

The study considers historical development of clinical bioethics from formation of theoretical foundations of discipline in context of philosophy to institutionalization of practical forms of clinical consultations in medical institutions. The methodology of the study is based on interdisciplinary approach combining philosophical, historical, legal and sociocultural analysis of key factors of becoming of clinical bioethics in the USA. The study results demonstrate that despite initial concerns about excessive control over physician autonomy, ethical consultations improved quality of communication and decision-making, decreased conflictness and strengthened confidence between patients and medical personnel. The institutionalization of clinical bioethics became response to necessity of ethical maintenance of decisions occurring in clinical practice and proved its significance for modern medicine as tool of moral navigation, strengthening value of confidence and transparency in treatment process.