Associations Among Parental Rearing Patterns, Psychological Resilience and Coping Styles in Adolescent Females with...

Adolescent endometriosis (EMs) imposes substantial physical and psychological burdens on young female patients, and adaptive coping strategies are vital for their health management. This study aimed to explore the latent classes of parental rearing patterns and coping styles among adolescent females with endometriosis, and examine the interrelationships between parental rearing, psychological resilience and coping styles. The findings intend to provide theoretical evidence and practical references for mental health intervention and public health services targeting this vulnerable group.

This cross-sectional study consecutively recruited participants from 2024 to 2026 at a tertiary Class A hospital in Shenyang. A total of 168 adolescents aged 12-20 years were enrolled via convenience sampling. Parental Rearing Patterns Scale, the Resilience Scale, and the Coping Styles Scale were used to collect relevant data. Latent class analysis (LCA) was adopted to classify parental rearing patterns and coping styles. Independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA and bias-corrected Bootstrap mediation analysis (5,000 resamples) were further performed for statistical testing.

LCA identified two parenting subtypes (31.5% positive-empowering, 68.5% high-pressure restrictive) and three coping subtypes (58.9% active problem-solving, 28.0% passive-avoidant, 13.1% social support-seeking). Psychological resilience differed significantly across parenting patterns and coping styles (P<0.05). Mediation analysis revealed that high-pressure restrictive parenting was negatively associated with psychological resilience, and resilience was correlated with coping styles (P<0.05). The indirect effect was 0.295 (P<0.05), and the direct effect was non-significant. As this was a cross-sectional study, the findings only indicate statistical indirect associations rather than causal mediation.

Different parenting styles and coping patterns lead to varied psychological and clinical outcomes. Positive-empowering parenting and active coping facilitate patients' psychological adjustment and disease management. By contrast, high-pressure restrictive parenting, avoidant coping and low willingness to seek help tend to trigger negative emotions, reduce treatment adherence and delay intervention. Parenting styles affect coping behaviors partly through psychological resilience. Targeted improvement of psychological resilience can effectively enhance patients' ability to cope with the disease.