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Applying Satellite-Derived PM_2.5 Data to Policy-Relevant Air Quality Metrics.

Tracey Holloway^1,2, Summer Acker¹, Lizzy Kysela^1,2

¹Nelson Institute Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA.

|July 8, 2026

Summary

Satellite data can help assess air quality in U.S. counties lacking monitors. Using satellite-derived fine particulate matter (PM2.5) data identified 63 counties that would fail the American Lung Association benchmark.

Keywords:

air pollution clean air act data fusion geographic information systems (GIS)public health

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Remote Sensing
Public Health

Background:

The American Lung Association (ALA) annually grades U.S. air quality using EPA data.
Many counties lack regulatory monitors, limiting ALA assessments.
Satellite-derived data offers a potential solution for assessing air quality in unmonitored areas.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate satellite-derived fine particulate matter (PM2.5) data as a method to support ALA air quality assessments.
To compare PM2.5 county-level indicators derived from satellite data with ground-based monitor results.
To assess the feasibility of using satellite data for grading unmonitored counties.

Main Methods:

Compared two satellite-derived PM2.5 datasets against ground-based monitor data.
Allocated satellite data to U.S. counties using three different methods.
Assessed agreement based on concentration values, rankings, and passing/failing the ALA benchmark (9.0 μg/m³).

Main Results:

A 90th percentile approach for satellite PM2.5 showed moderate agreement (spatial correlation coefficient of 0.76) with ground monitors.
Most unmonitored counties "pass" the ALA benchmark.
63 unmonitored counties were identified as "failing" the benchmark using satellite data.

Conclusions:

Satellite-derived PM2.5 data can supplement ground-based monitoring for air quality assessments.
Improved analysis methods for satellite data can enhance its utilization in air quality evaluations.
Space-based data has the potential to broaden the scope of air quality monitoring globally.