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Investigating the Relationship between Sea Surface Chlorophyll and Major Features of the South China Sea with Satellite Information

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Targeted marine cloud brightening weakens subsequent El Niño.

Jessica S Wan^1,2, John T Fasullo³, Nan Rosenbloom³

¹Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Science Advances

|July 8, 2026

Summary

Marine cloud brightening (MCB) can disrupt El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, potentially mitigating extreme weather. However, interventions must be carefully timed and sustained to avoid unintended consequences like earlier La Niña events.

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Area of Science:

Climate Science
Solar Geoengineering
Atmospheric Physics

Background:

Extreme weather events are amplified by anthropogenic warming and natural climate variability.
Marine cloud brightening (MCB) is a solar geoengineering technique proposed to reduce global warming.
The potential of MCB to influence seasonal-to-multiyear climate phenomena like ENSO remains untested.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effectiveness of regional marine cloud brightening (MCB) in deliberately modifying El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events.
To explore the impact of MCB interventions on specific historical El Niño events.
To assess the potential unintended consequences of using MCB for climate modulation.

Main Methods:

Simulated MCB in the southeast Pacific, inspired by the 2019-2020 Australian wildfire event, to reproduce natural cloud brightening and La Niña-like responses.
Modeling the effects of MCB initiation during the growth phase of the 1997-1998 and 2015-2016 El Niño events.
Analyzing the disruption of Bjerknes feedbacks and teleconnections associated with El Niño.

Main Results:

Simulated MCB successfully reproduced natural cloud brightening and a La Niña-like response.
MCB interventions initiated during El Niño growth disrupted amplifying feedbacks, but effects diminished post-termination.
Early and sustained MCB interventions were most effective in restoring neutral ENSO conditions and weakening teleconnections.
Weakening El Niño via MCB could lead to unintended consequences, such as an earlier subsequent La Niña.

Conclusions:

Regional MCB shows potential for modifying ENSO dynamics, offering a new avenue for climate intervention research.
The timing and duration of MCB interventions are critical factors determining their effectiveness and potential side effects.
Further research into climate variability and teleconnections is warranted for advancing solar geoengineering strategies.