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Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...

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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition

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Radiologic-Dermatologic Atlas of Commonly Encountered Skin Abnormalities for the Breast Radiologist.

Dorothy A Lowell¹, Shelby R Breit¹, Kendra M Parrish²

¹Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 20 Duke Medicine Cir, Durham, NC 27710.

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc

|July 9, 2026

Summary

Breast radiologists need to understand skin conditions affecting the breast. This review provides a guide to diagnosing benign and malignant skin changes for better patient management.

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Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Published on: November 14, 2025

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Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition

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Published on: August 18, 2022

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

Published on: November 14, 2025

Area of Science:

Radiology
Dermatology
Oncology

Background:

Dermatologic conditions of the breast, chest wall, and axilla present diagnostic challenges for breast radiologists.
These conditions, with diverse causes (benign, malignant, infectious, inflammatory), may have nonspecific imaging findings.
Lack of specialized training can lead to diagnostic uncertainty and delayed management.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide breast radiologists with a practical guide to dermatologic conditions of the breast.
To enhance the evaluation of patients with breast skin changes by integrating clinical, physical, and imaging findings.
To aid in determining the appropriate use of skin punch biopsy.

Main Methods:

Review of benign and malignant cutaneous conditions relevant to breast imaging practice.
Structured overview of dermatologic conditions affecting the breast, chest wall, and axilla.
Emphasis on integrating clinical history, physical examination, and imaging features.

Main Results:

Identifies common benign and malignant skin conditions encountered in breast imaging.
Highlights the importance of understanding skin anatomy and dermatologic morphology.
Provides guidance on clinical triage and decision-making for breast skin changes.

Conclusions:

Breast radiologists require foundational dermatologic knowledge for accurate diagnosis.
Effective evaluation necessitates integrating clinical, physical, and imaging data.
This review serves as a primer to improve management of breast skin conditions.