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Beyond catheter presence: Risk factors for progression to bloodstream infection during the COVID-19 era-A matched
Alessandra Gomes Chauvin1, André Luís F Cotia1, Isabella Lemos Rosmino1
1Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
American Journal of Infection Control
|July 9, 2026
Summary
Hospitalized patients with central venous catheters face risks like immunosuppression and longer dwell times for central line-associated bloodstream infections. The pandemic increased resistance, stressing infection control and antimicrobial stewardship.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Hospital Epidemiology
- Antimicrobial Resistance
Background:
- Central venous catheters (CVCs) are essential but increase bloodstream infection risk.
- Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are significant hospital-acquired complications.
- Understanding risk factors and pathogen trends is crucial for prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify independent risk factors for CLABSI in hospitalized patients with CVCs.
- To analyze the predominant pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns.
- To evaluate the impact of the pandemic period on CLABSI epidemiology.
Main Methods:
- Matched case-control study design.
- Inclusion of 318 hospitalized patients with CVCs (2018-2022).
- Statistical analysis to determine independent risk factors.
Main Results:
- Independent risk factors for CLABSI included immunosuppression, longer CVC dwell time, and prolonged hospitalization.
- Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent isolate.
- Increased carbapenem and quinolone resistance was observed during the pandemic period.
Conclusions:
- Sustained infection prevention measures are essential for CVC utilization.
- Antimicrobial stewardship strategies must be enhanced to combat rising resistance.
- Targeted interventions are needed to mitigate CLABSI risk in vulnerable patient populations.
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