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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material
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FeOF Nanocomposites With Tunable Graphitic Carbon Shells as High-Performance Conversion-Type Cathode for Potassium

Ayesha Qayyum1, Achmad Yanuar Maulana2,3, Jaeseong Heo4

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Graduate Program), Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.

Small Methods
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel synthesis for iron oxyfluoride (FeOF) nanocomposites with graphitic carbon shells, enhancing potassium-ion battery (KIB) performance. The optimized FeOF@GC-1 electrode shows promising results for large-scale energy storage applications.

Keywords:
conversion type cathode materialfacile polymerizationgraphitic carboniron oxyfluoridepotassium‐ion battery

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are attractive for large-scale energy storage due to potassium's abundance and low cost.
  • Conversion-type cathodes, like iron oxyfluoride (FeOF), offer high theoretical capacity but suffer from poor conductivity and instability.
  • Existing KIB research predominantly focuses on intercalation-type cathodes, leaving conversion-type systems underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and investigate iron oxyfluoride (FeOF) as a conversion-type cathode material for potassium-ion batteries.
  • To enhance the electrochemical performance and cycling stability of FeOF by encapsulating it with tunable graphitic carbon (GC) shells.
  • To explore a controllable synthesis strategy for FeOF@GC nanocomposites and understand the potassium-ion storage mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of FeOF@GC nanocomposites using a chelation-assisted polymerization method with citric acid and ethylene glycol.
  • In situ reduction of Fe species and catalytic graphitic carbon formation during pyrolysis for homogeneous GC shell encapsulation.
  • Electrochemical characterization of the FeOF@GC-1 electrode in a KIB configuration, including cycling performance and rate capability.
  • Assembly and testing of a full KIB cell using hard carbon as the anode.

Main Results:

  • The FeOF@GC-1 electrode achieved a reversible discharge capacity of 132.7 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g-1 within a 1.2-4.0 V voltage range.
  • A full cell demonstrated a high energy density of 181 Wh kg-1, indicating practical potential for KIBs.
  • The synthesis strategy effectively improved ionic and electronic conductivity and structural stability of the FeOF material.

Conclusions:

  • FeOF is a viable conversion-type cathode material for potassium-ion batteries, offering high capacity and low cost.
  • The developed chelation-assisted method provides a controllable route for synthesizing FeOF@GC nanocomposites with enhanced electrochemical performance.
  • This study contributes to the early investigation of conversion-type cathodes for KIBs and highlights the importance of nanostructuring and carbon encapsulation for improved energy storage.