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Cognitive Control in Pediatric Cancer Survivors: A task-fMRI study.

Siddharth Nayak, Shounak Nandi, Faye McKenna

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    Summary

    Cancer survivors receiving chemotherapy exhibit cognitive control deficits and altered brain activity in key regions. This neuroimaging study reveals disrupted neural networks impacting cognitive function, aiding in identifying at-risk individuals for targeted rehabilitation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Oncology
    • Cognitive Psychology

    Background:

    • Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) affects cancer survivors, but its underlying neural mechanisms are unclear.
    • Cognitive control deficits are a common manifestation of CRCI.
    • Understanding these neural changes is crucial for survivor care.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate group differences in brain activation during a flanker task in chemotherapy-exposed survivors versus healthy controls.
    • To identify neural correlates of cognitive control deficits in CRCI.

    Main Methods:

    • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess brain activity during a flanker task.
    • Participants included 21 chemotherapy survivors and 21 healthy controls.
    • Behavioral data (reaction time, accuracy) and brain activation patterns were analyzed.

    Main Results:

    • Chemotherapy survivors showed slower reaction times and lower flanker task scores compared to controls.
    • Reduced activation was observed in frontal and subcortical regions (inferior frontal gyri, supplementary motor area, caudate).
    • Increased activation was found in temporal and cerebellar regions, with correlations to cognitive performance.

    Conclusions:

    • Chemotherapy exposure is associated with cognitive control deficits and altered neural activation patterns.
    • Disrupted recruitment of frontoparietal and subcortical networks underlies CRCI.
    • Findings support personalized rehabilitation strategies for cancer survivors.