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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Mapping Molecular Diffusion in the Plasma Membrane by Multiple-Target Tracing (MTT)
12:19

Mapping Molecular Diffusion in the Plasma Membrane by Multiple-Target Tracing (MTT)

Published on: May 27, 2012

Multiplexing in networks and diffusion.

Arun G Chandrasekhar1,2,3, Vasu Chaudhary4, Benjamin Golub4

  • 1Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiplexing, having multiple relationship types with others, impacts information spread. Higher multiplexity hinders simple contagion but can aid complex contagion depending on infection rates.

Keywords:
complex contagioncontagiondiffusionmultiplexnetworks

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Mapping Molecular Diffusion in the Plasma Membrane by Multiple-Target Tracing (MTT)
12:19

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Published on: May 27, 2012

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Published on: March 20, 2017

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles
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Area of Science:

  • Social network analysis
  • Sociology
  • Information diffusion studies

Background:

  • Understanding the structure of social relationships is crucial for analyzing social phenomena.
  • Existing network analysis often simplifies relationships, potentially missing key dynamics.
  • Multiplexity, the presence of multiple relationship types between individuals, offers a more nuanced view.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically investigate multiplexity patterns in a real-world setting.
  • To analyze how multiplexity affects the diffusion of information and behaviors.
  • To develop a theoretical framework for understanding multiplexity's impact on contagion.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of empirical data from Indian villages, documenting relationship types (socializing, advising, helping, lending).
  • Comparison of relationship correlations with network proxies like ethnicity and geography.
  • Field experiment to observe information diffusion dynamics under varying multiplexity conditions.
  • Theoretical modeling of simple and complex contagion spread with varying multiplexity.

Main Results:

  • Socializing, advising, helping, and lending are distinct yet correlated relationship types.
  • Ethnicity and geography are poor proxies for actual relationship structures.
  • Multiplexity significantly influences information diffusion patterns.
  • Increased relationship overlap impedes simple contagion but can enhance or impede complex contagion based on infection rates.
  • Empirical differences in multiplexity observed between genders.

Conclusions:

  • Multiplexity is a critical factor in social network analysis, offering richer insights than traditional network measures.
  • The structure of multiplex relationships differentially impacts the spread of various types of social contagions.
  • Findings highlight the need to consider relationship diversity when studying social influence and behavior change.