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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness
12:21

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

Published on: September 28, 2022

Age at Appendectomy, Pneumonia/Influenza Risk, and The Role of Modifiable Risk-factor Profiles.

Gang Chen1,2,3,4, Wen Li1,2,3,4, Yuhao Zhao1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road No 87, Kaifu District, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China.

Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
|July 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Appendectomy increases the risk of pneumonia and influenza, especially when performed after childhood. A healthier lifestyle can mitigate this risk, highlighting the need for targeted respiratory infection prevention.

Keywords:
Age at appendectomyAppendectomyInfluenzaModifiable risk-factor profilePneumoniaPublic health

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness
12:21

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

Published on: September 28, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Surgical Outcomes

Background:

  • Appendectomy's association with subsequent pneumonia/influenza risk is unclear.
  • Investigating age-specific risks and the influence of modifiable factors is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if appendectomy is linked to increased pneumonia/influenza risk.
  • To explore how age at appendectomy and lifestyle factors modify this risk.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of 404,577 UK Biobank participants.
  • Age-stratified analysis of appendectomy and pneumonia/influenza risk.
  • Weighted modifiable risk-factor score (smoking, alcohol, BMI, pollution, activity, diet) assessed.

Main Results:

  • Appendectomy correlated with higher pneumonia/influenza risk (HR: 1.10).
  • Risk elevated for appendectomies performed after age 10 (HRs 1.10-1.14).
  • Favorable lifestyle profiles attenuated the risk, with the lowest quartile showing reduced risk (HR: 0.89).

Conclusions:

  • Appendectomy is associated with increased pneumonia/influenza risk, particularly post-childhood.
  • Healthier lifestyle factors can lessen this risk.
  • Appendectomy history and age may guide targeted respiratory infection prevention strategies.