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Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina01:05

Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina

Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
A type IV collagen molecule has six alpha chains which can exist in...
X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

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Fibril-associated Collagen01:11

Fibril-associated Collagen

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Pleiotropy

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Sex-linked Disorders

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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Assessment and Characterization of Hyaloid Vessels in Mice
08:22

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Published on: May 15, 2019

Autosomal Type IV Collagen Genes Display Sex Differences in Genetic Risk for Hematuria.

Frida Lona-Durazo1,2, Ian R Dinsmore3, Michelle T McNulty4,5

  • 1Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Kidney International Reports
|July 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Genetic variants in COL4A3 and COL4A2 genes show sex-differential effects for hematuria, with stronger associations observed in females. This finding highlights the importance of considering sex in genetic studies of kidney traits.

Keywords:
COL4A2COL4A3hematuriasex-specific GWAS

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Assessment and Characterization of Hyaloid Vessels in Mice
08:22

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09:20

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Constitutive and Inducible Systems for Genetic In Vivo Modification of Mouse Hepatocytes Using Hydrodynamic Tail Vein Injection
09:35

Constitutive and Inducible Systems for Genetic In Vivo Modification of Mouse Hepatocytes Using Hydrodynamic Tail Vein Injection

Published on: February 2, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Nephrology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Hematuria is an understudied condition linked to kidney disease.
  • Sex and gender significantly influence human health, including kidney traits.
  • Sex-differential genetic effects on kidney traits remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genetic effects that differ by sex for hematuria.
  • To investigate sex-specific genetic associations with hematuria.
  • To explore sex-differential genetic contributions to kidney conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Performed sex-specific genome-wide association analyses in the UK Biobank (UKB).
  • Replicated findings in the Million Veteran Program (MVP) and Geisinger MyCode cohorts.
  • Evaluated sex-differential genetic effects using locus-specific sex-by-genotype interaction analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant sex-differential effects for variants in COL4A3 and COL4A2 genes.
  • Observed larger effect sizes in females compared to males for these variants.
  • Found that COL4A3 variants showed stronger associations in females, which replicated in an independent cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Highlights significant sex-differential genetic effects in hematuria.
  • COL4A3 and COL4A2 gene variants demonstrate stronger associations with hematuria in females.
  • Emphasizes the need to incorporate sex as a biological variable in genetic research for kidney diseases.