Congenital hallux varus with ventricular septal defect: a unique case report

Congenital hallux varus (CHV) is a very rare foot deformity, defined by the medial deviation of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint. It can appear in isolation or with other anomalies, such as polydactyly, metatarsus adductus, or a longitudinal epiphyseal bracket. However, an association with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) has not been described before. Early surgical correction is essential to restore function, improve cosmetic appearance, and support normal motor development.

A 13-month-old male presented with congenital right hallux varus associated with macrodactyly and a VSD. The deformity impaired walking, shoe use, and daily care. Radiographs confirmed medial deviation of the great toe with normal bone structure. Surgical correction using Farmer's technique achieved good alignment and function, and at 6 months, the child showed improved ambulation, normal footwear use, and only minimal residual toe shortening.

CHV is a rare deformity caused by abnormal soft tissue or skeletal structures. Treatment varies by severity, with Farmer's procedure proving effective when the metatarsals are normal. The novel association of CHV with VSD underscores the importance of systemic evaluation in affected infants.

This case represents the first documented occurrence of CHV associated with VSD, successfully managed with Farmer's procedure. Early surgical correction not only restored alignment and cosmetic appearance but also improved mobility and quality of life. Reporting such rare associations is important for broadening knowledge of CHV and guiding timely interventions in similar cases.