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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Using Neutron Spin Echo Resolved Grazing Incidence Scattering to Investigate Organic Solar Cell Materials
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Published on: January 15, 2014

Phenanthrenequinone, a Nonvolatile, Nonhalogenated Solid Additive, for Enhancing Thermal Stability in Organic Solar

Souk Y Kim1, Pascale E N'goran1, Arthur L Jin1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.

ACS Materials Au
|July 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ) as a stable, eco-friendly additive for organic solar cells (OSCs). PQ enhances device performance and longevity without toxic or halogenated components, paving the way for commercialization.

Keywords:
organic solar cellsphenanthrenequinonephotostabilitysolid additivesthermal stability

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Published on: February 3, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Organic solar cells (OSCs) performance is often improved by additives.
  • Common solvent additives can reduce device stability and contain harmful halogens.
  • Existing solid additives may be toxic or complex to synthesize, with limited stability data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ) as a novel, stable additive for OSCs.
  • To investigate the impact of PQ on device performance and stability under various conditions.
  • To assess the potential of PQ for the commercialization of OSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of PQ as a nonvolatile, nonhalogenated solid additive in bulk heterojunction OSCs.
  • Evaluation of device stability under ambient conditions, illumination, and thermal stress.
  • Performance testing of unencapsulated PQ-based devices.

Main Results:

  • PQ addition improved device stability by reducing energy disorder and suppressing phase segregation.
  • Enhanced morphological stability was observed under illumination and thermal stress.
  • PQ-based devices retained over 93% efficiency after 100 hours at 85 °C, showing excellent thermal stability.

Conclusions:

  • PQ is a cost-effective, commercially available, and environmentally friendly additive for OSCs.
  • PQ significantly enhances the operational stability and efficiency of OSC devices.
  • PQ demonstrates great potential for the commercialization of stable and efficient organic solar cells.