A single-echo/multi-echo BOLD fMRI test-retest dataset

Functional MRI (fMRI) remains one of the primary tools for non-invasive studies of brain activity and organization in humans. Recently, multi-echo imaging has generated interest due to the improved signal-to-noise and potential for superior denoising. In parallel, developments in MRI processing techniques, such as the use of phase data and advanced denoising methods, have continued to advance the field. An important step towards adopting these methodologies is directly comparing them to existing techniques using real-world data. We present a neuroimaging dataset that allows for within-subject comparison of single-echo vs multi-echo imaging with cutting-edge imaging acquisition parameters such as magnitude and phase reconstruction and no-excitation (noise only) volumes. The sample includes test-retest data from eight young adults. Each session includes a T1-weighted anatomical scan, four resting-state functional MRI scans (two each for single-echo and complex multi-echo), and a multi-echo task-based functional MRI scan from a fractal n-back working memory task. Raw imaging files are released, as well as derivatives from our open-source processing pipelines. These rich data provide opportunities for direct comparison of single-echo and multi-echo methodologies. Moving forward, the data facilitate studies of evaluating how advanced image acquisition and processing impact test-retest reliability.