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Related Concept Videos

Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Treatment Protocol for Rotator Cuff Calcific Tendinitis Using a Single-Crystal Piezoelectric Focused Shock Wave Source
05:17

Treatment Protocol for Rotator Cuff Calcific Tendinitis Using a Single-Crystal Piezoelectric Focused Shock Wave Source

Published on: December 23, 2022

Calcific Tendinitis: A Pain-Oriented and Site-Specific Narrative Review.

Jiaqi Li1, Xiaodi Zou1, Hui Lu2

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, China, z2hospital.com.

Pain Research & Management
|July 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Calcific tendinitis pain is linked to inflammation, not just deposit size. A site-specific, symptom-driven approach improves diagnosis and management of this common musculoskeletal disorder.

Keywords:
bursitisextracorporeal shockwave therapyhydroxyapatite deposition diseaseshoulder paintendinopathyultrasonography

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Area of Science:

  • Musculoskeletal Disorders
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Calcific tendinitis involves calcium hydroxyapatite deposition in tendons.
  • Traditionally viewed as structural, pain is increasingly linked to inflammation and disease stage.
  • Rotator cuff involvement is well-studied, but nonrotator cuff sites are under-recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review calcific tendinitis with a focus on nonrotator cuff sites.
  • To emphasize a pain-oriented, site-specific diagnostic and management framework.
  • To integrate pain presentation, disease stage, and imaging for a symptom-driven approach.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of pain presentation and disease stage in calcific tendinitis.
  • Emphasis on nonrotator cuff presentations and diagnostic challenges.

Main Results:

  • Symptom severity, especially pain, correlates more with inflammation and disease stage than deposit characteristics.
  • Nonrotator cuff calcific tendinitis is often misdiagnosed, mimicking other acute conditions.
  • A symptom-driven approach integrating pain, stage, and imaging is proposed.

Conclusions:

  • Pain in calcific tendinitis is primarily inflammatory and stage-dependent.
  • Nonrotator cuff calcific tendinitis requires specific recognition and diagnosis.
  • Conservative, site-specific management is foundational; invasive treatments are for refractory cases.