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Related Concept Videos

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria01:30

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
Gene Regulation During Sporulation01:17

Gene Regulation During Sporulation

Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Stress Response System01:21

Stress Response System

The stress response system, also known as the fight-or-flight response, is the body's automatic physiological reaction to perceived threats. Hans Selye introduced the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) to describe the predictable pattern of changes that occur in response to stress. GAS consists of three sequential stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. This model helps explain how chronic stress can contribute to health problems.
Alarm stage
In the alarm stage, the body's initial...
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Translation Efficiency Test Using Polysome Profiles Under Heat Stress
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Published on: October 11, 2024

Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Key Genes and Pathways Involved in the Abiotic Stress Response of Trichoderma

Changfa Liu1, Xianzhi Lai1, Wentao Zhu1

  • 1Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China.

Current Microbiology
|July 11, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Trichoderma fungus responds synergistically to combined drought, heat, and salt stresses by activating key genes involved in redox and secondary metabolite synthesis. This study reveals crucial molecular mechanisms for improving stress tolerance in this valuable industrial and agricultural fungus.

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Investigating Tissue- and Organ-specific Phytochrome Responses using FACS-assisted Cell-type Specific Expression Profiling in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Area of Science:

  • * Mycology
  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Stress Physiology

Background:

  • * Trichoderma fungi possess significant industrial and agricultural value.
  • * Abiotic stresses like drought, high temperatures, and salinity limit Trichoderma applications, especially when combined.
  • * Molecular mechanisms of Trichoderma response to combined stresses are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To characterize the transcriptomic responses of Trichoderma viride Tv-1511 to Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-simulated drought stress.
  • * To integrate drought stress data with existing high-temperature and salinity stress datasets.
  • * To elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying Trichoderma responses to single and combined abiotic stresses.

Main Methods:

  • * RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was employed to analyze transcriptomic changes in Trichoderma viride Tv-1511.
  • * Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed.
  • * Data integration of single-stress transcriptomic datasets with triple-stress data.
  • * RT-qPCR was used for validation of key gene expression.

Main Results:

  • * 50% PEG-simulated drought stress induced 4510 differentially expressed genes, enriched in secondary metabolite and β-lactam antibiotic synthesis.
  • * Integration of stress data identified 36 commonly upregulated and 29 commonly downregulated genes under triple stresses.
  • * Key genes involved in redox processes and secondary metabolite synthesis were identified.
  • * Synergistic stress response activation observed for genes like MET17, ALDH, FeSOD, Cu/ZnSOD, GCLC, GLO1, and GST.

Conclusions:

  • * Trichoderma exhibits a synergistic transcriptomic response to combined abiotic stresses.
  • * Identified genes provide insights into stress tolerance mechanisms.
  • * Findings offer a theoretical basis for enhancing stress-resilient Trichoderma strains for agricultural and industrial use.