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Open Conversion at Robotic Adrenalectomy: Rates and Predictors
Andrea Marmiroli1,2,3, Mattia Longoni1,4,5, Quynh Chi Le1,6
1Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Background:
Rates and predictors of open conversion at robotic adrenalectomy (rRA) are unknown.
Methods:
We identified patients treated with rRA (National Inpatient Sample 2009-2019). First, temporal trends in open conversion were assessed using Estimated Annual Percentage Changes (EAPC). Second, multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of open conversion during rRA.
Results:
Of 2,292 rRA patients, 286 (12.0%) underwent open conversion. The rates of open conversion decreased over time from 39.2% to 10.2% over the study span (EAPC -15.9%; p = 0.0003). Open conversion patients during rRA were more frequently male (59.0 vs. 53.0%; p = 0.04) and had more comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI] ≥ 4: 28.0 vs. 17.0%; p < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression models predicting open conversion, CCI ≥ 4 versus 0-3 (OR: 2.0; p < 0.001) and low versus medium-high surgical volume hospital (OR: 2.0; p < 0.001) were independent predictors. A dose-response effect was observed when CCI and hospital volume were combined. Specifically, the rates of open conversion were respectively 13.9 versus 25.9% in patient with CCI 0-3 versus CCI ≥ 4 at low surgical volume hospitals (p < 0.001). Conversely, the rates of open conversion were respectively 7.7 versus 13.4% in patient with CCI 0-3 versus CCI ≥ 4 at medium-high surgical volume hospitals (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
The rate of open conversion at rRA significantly decreased over time from 39.2% to 10.2%. Individuals at particularly elevated risk consisted of patients with CCI ≥ 4 in whom rRA is contemplated at low-volume hospitals (25.9%). Relegation of such individuals to medium-high surgical volume hospitals may reduce the conversion rate by half (13.4%).
