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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

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Published on: October 14, 2014

Real-World Adrenaline Auto-Injector Use During Pediatric Anaphylaxis in Japan: A Single-Center Descriptive Study.

Mariko Inaba¹, Yosuke Baba¹, Hikaru Tsuchiya¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, Japan.

Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society

|July 13, 2026

Summary

Pediatric anaphylaxis patients in Japan rarely used prescribed adrenaline auto-injectors (AAIs). Proper education is crucial, emphasizing AAI use for any symptoms, regardless of the specific allergen trigger.

Keywords:

adrenaline auto‐injector anaphylaxis first exposure food allergy pediatrics

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

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Published on: October 14, 2014

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Published on: May 31, 2021

Application of Biochip Microfluidic Technology to Detect Serum Allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (sIgE)

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Published on: April 21, 2019

Area of Science:

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
Public Health
Emergency Medicine

Background:

Adrenaline auto-injector (AAI) prescribing increased in Japan after insurance coverage expansion.
Real-world utilization of AAIs during pediatric anaphylaxis is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe current AAI prescription patterns in Japan.
To determine actual AAI utilization rates in pediatric anaphylaxis.
To identify factors associated with appropriate AAI use.

Main Methods:

Retrospective descriptive study of AAI prescriptions and anaphylaxis hospitalizations (2023-2024) at a tertiary hospital in Shizuoka, Japan.
Reviewed 124 AAI-prescribed children and 34 hospitalized anaphylaxis cases.
Conducted interviews with 8 hospitalized patients possessing AAIs regarding education and AAI application use.

Main Results:

Only 4.0% of AAI-prescribed patients used their device during follow-up.
55.9% of anaphylaxis hospitalizations occurred on first known allergen exposure (92.9% seafood).
Only 23.5% of hospitalized patients possessed an AAI; 50% of possessors used it, with higher use (80%) when the triggering allergen matched the prescription.

Conclusions:

Low AAI possession and utilization were observed in pediatric anaphylaxis cases in Japan.
AAI utilization varied significantly based on the concordance between the triggering allergen and the prescribed indication.
Enhanced AAI education should focus on using the device for any anaphylaxis symptoms, irrespective of the specific trigger.