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Related Concept Videos

Constraints and Statical Determinacy01:26

Constraints and Statical Determinacy

In structural engineering, the equilibrium of a system is not only determined by its equations of equilibrium but also with the help of constraints. Constraints refer to restrictions on the motion of a system. The proper combinations of constraints can minimize the total number of constraints needed to maintain a system in mechanical equilibrium. When this happens, the system is said to be statically determinate. For such systems, the unknown reaction supports can be estimated using equilibrium...
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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
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Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task
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Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task

Published on: July 22, 2025

Subjective selection requires objective constraints.

Mats Haraldsen1, Sarah Bro Trasmundi2, Edward Baggs2,3

  • 1Department of Literature, Area Studies and European Languages, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway mats.haraldsen@ilos.uio.no.

The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|July 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Agency is central to cultural evolution, but goals are not just internal states. Goals emerge from interactions with environmental factors, both physical and social.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Cultural Evolution
  • Anthropology

Background:

  • Agency plays a key role in cultural evolution theories.
  • Previous models may oversimplify the agent-environment relationship.
  • Goals are often viewed as purely internal cognitive states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically examine the role of agency in cultural evolution.
  • To explore a more nuanced understanding of goal formation.
  • To integrate environmental influences into models of cultural change.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing theories on agency and cultural evolution.
  • Review of findings from cognitive ethnography.
  • Theoretical integration of agent-environment interactions.

Main Results:

  • Agent goals are not solely internal cognitive states.
  • Environmental features (physical and social) significantly constrain goals.
  • Goals emerge dynamically through interaction with the environment.

Conclusions:

  • A more complex model of agency is needed for cultural evolution.
  • Environmental context is crucial for understanding goal-directed behavior.
  • Future research should focus on the interplay between agents and their surroundings.