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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Targeted Antibody Blocking by a Dual-Functional Conjugate of Antigenic Peptide and Fc-III Mimetics (DCAF)
09:39

Targeted Antibody Blocking by a Dual-Functional Conjugate of Antigenic Peptide and Fc-III Mimetics (DCAF)

Published on: September 17, 2019

Engineered Trivalent Human IgG1-Fc Proteins for Potent Complement Inhibition.

Ian K Campbell1, Daniel Ortiz2, Carlos Bosques2

  • 1CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Rd., Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.

Cells
|July 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Recombinant Fc molecules, engineered for enhanced C1q binding, show potent anti-inflammatory effects by blocking Fcγ receptors and inhibiting complement activation, offering a promising therapeutic strategy.

Keywords:
Fc receptorscomplementinnate immunity

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In Vitro Methods for Comparing Target Binding and CDC Induction Between Therapeutic Antibodies: Applications in Biosimilarity Analysis

Published on: May 4, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treats autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
  • The fragment crystallizable (Fc) portion of IVIG can replicate therapeutic effects.
  • Recombinant multimeric Fc molecules demonstrate significant anti-inflammatory properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate recombinant human IgG1 Fc molecules with varying valency and avidity.
  • Enhance Fc molecule binding affinity to complement protein C1q.
  • Evaluate dual antagonism of Fcγ receptor (FcγR) effector functions and classical complement pathway activation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed recombinant human IgG1 Fc molecules with mutations for increased C1q binding.
  • Assessed FcγR antagonism via in vitro Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis assays.
  • Measured inhibition of the classical complement pathway.
  • Evaluated half-life in human neonatal Fc receptor transgenic (hFcRn Tg) mice.

Main Results:

  • C1q-binding mutants showed exponentially increased potency in inhibiting the classical pathway with higher multimerization.
  • No complement C4a generation was observed with these Fc constructs, unlike Fc hexamers.
  • Reduced FcγRIIB binding affinity extended the half-life of trivalent hIgG1-Fc molecules in hFcRn Tg mice.
  • Demonstrated potent in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusions:

  • Recombinant human IgG1 Fc C1q-binding mutants possess potent anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Therapeutic mechanisms include FcγR blockade and complement activation inhibition.
  • These engineered Fc molecules represent a promising therapeutic avenue for inflammatory diseases.