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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
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Published on: March 24, 2015

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Shared Interferon-Associated Transcriptional Programs and

Vural Yilmaz1

  • 1Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Cyprus International University (CIU), Via Mersin 10, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Türkiye, Cyprus. vyilmaz@ciu.edu.tr.

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics
|July 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) regulate antiviral immunity. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) stimulation activates shared interferon pathways in human cDC1 and cDC2 cells, but with distinct inflammatory and immune responses, revealing overlapping innate immune activation.

Keywords:
Human dendritic cellsInflammatory gene regulationInnate immunityInterferon-stimulated genesTLR7Transcriptomics

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
10:00

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes

Published on: March 24, 2015

Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens
06:03

Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Transcriptomics

Background:

  • Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are key regulators of antiviral immunity.
  • Human cDC subsets (cDC1, cDC2) have distinct functions, but their shared vs. subset-specific responses to Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) stimulation are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the shared and subset-associated transcriptional responses of human cDC1 and cDC2 cells following TLR7 stimulation.
  • To define the extent of overlap and divergence in innate immune activation pathways between cDC subsets.

Main Methods:

  • In silico re-analysis of publicly available NanoString gene expression data from purified human cDC1 and cDC2 populations.
  • Utilized global expression profiling, principal component analysis, differential gene expression analysis, and module-based functional profiling.
  • Performed comparative fold-change assessment and integrated co-expression network analysis.

Main Results:

  • TLR7 activation induced significant transcriptional changes in both cDC1 and cDC2 cells, with variations in magnitude and gene distribution.
  • Functional analysis revealed shared interferon-related transcriptional organization but subset-specific variations in inflammatory and immune responses.
  • Canonical interferon-responsive genes were strongly induced in cDC2 cells, while cDC1 cells showed more heterogeneous responses; antigen presentation genes remained stable.

Conclusions:

  • TLR7 stimulation results in partially shared interferon transcriptional responses across human cDC subsets.
  • Subset-associated variations in inflammatory and immune gene expression highlight overlapping yet distinct innate immune activation architectures in dendritic cells.