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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

1.3K
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Cancer Vaccines: Mobilizing Immunity for Targeted Cancer Therapy.

Vural Yilmaz1

  • 1Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Cyprus International University, Via Mersin 10, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Türkiye.

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP
|April 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cancer vaccines are a promising immunotherapy approach, stimulating the immune system against tumors. This review covers approved and emerging vaccines, exploring factors affecting their effectiveness.

Keywords:
ImmunotherapyVaccinescancercancer vaccinesimmune system

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Cancer is a leading cause of death, with conventional therapies often insufficient for aggressive or metastatic disease.
  • Cancer immunotherapy, particularly cancer vaccines, offers a novel approach by leveraging the patient's immune system to target malignant cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current and developing cancer vaccine strategies.
  • To analyze factors influencing the clinical efficacy and translational potential of cancer vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinically approved cancer vaccines.
  • Examination of emerging cancer vaccine candidates and ongoing clinical trials.
  • Analysis of immunological and clinical data related to cancer vaccine performance.

Main Results:

  • Several cancer vaccines are approved and in clinical use.
  • Numerous other cancer vaccines are in various stages of clinical investigation and require further optimization.
  • Factors such as tumor immune evasion, vaccine delivery methods, and patient-specific characteristics significantly impact outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer vaccines represent a rapidly advancing field within immunotherapy.
  • Understanding and overcoming challenges related to immune evasion, delivery, and patient variability are crucial for maximizing the clinical success of cancer vaccines.