Related Experiment Videos
Decoding thyroid: liver cross talk in type 2 diabetes mellitus-an MASLD perspective
Sowmiya Subramani1, S Gayathri1, Karpagavel Lakshmanan1
1Department of Biochemistry, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute(CHRI), CARE, Kelambakkam, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu 603103 India.
Diabetology International
|July 13, 2026
Summary
Thyroid hormone resistance, indicated by higher FT3/FT4 and TFQIFT3, is linked to Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in euthyroid adults. Insulin resistance may play a role in this association.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Diseases
- Hepatology
Background:
- Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is a growing global health concern linked to metabolic abnormalities.
- Thyroid hormones are crucial for lipid metabolism and energy balance.
- This study investigates thyroid hormone resistance, not just levels, in MASLD development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the relationship between thyroid hormone sensitivity indices and MASLD in euthyroid adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
Main Methods:
- 534 euthyroid T2DM participants were analyzed.
- Thyroid hormone sensitivity was measured using indices like FT3/FT4 ratio, TT3RI, TT4RI, TSHI, TFQIFT3, and TFQIFT4.
- Regression analyses evaluated associations between indices and MASLD.
Main Results:
- MASLD prevalence increased with higher FT3/FT4 ratio, TT3RI, and TFQIFT3.
- Elevated FT3/FT4 and TFQIFT3 were independent risk factors for MASLD after adjusting for confounders.
- The association was stronger in participants aged ≤40 years and partially mediated by the TyG index.
Conclusions:
- Higher FT3/FT4 and TFQIFT3 levels are strongly associated with MASLD prevalence in euthyroid individuals.
- The TyG index partially mediates the link between thyroid hormone sensitivity and MASLD, indicating a role for insulin resistance.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
01:23Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology
Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
01:26Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
01:25Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...