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Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
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Phase transition-driven abnormal fluorescence response in pyrene under high pressure.

Chunting Feng1, Chan Gao1, Hanshan Luo1

  • 1College of Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, China.

Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
|July 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

High pressure induces two fluorescence enhancements in pyrene, linked to phase transitions. An unusual blue-shift during one transition challenges previous high-pressure spectral theories.

Keywords:
Blue-shiftFluorescence enhancementIn situ high-pressure spectroscopyPhase transition

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy
  • High-Pressure Physics

Background:

  • Pyrene's photophysical properties under pressure are not fully understood.
  • Understanding spectral changes is crucial for conjugated molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pyrene's spectral evolution under high pressure (0-10.2 GPa).
  • To elucidate the microscopic mechanisms behind spectral changes and phase transitions.
  • To establish a comprehensive "pressure-structure-spectra" correlation.

Main Methods:

  • In situ high-pressure fluorescence, absorption, and Raman spectroscopy.
  • Systematic spectral analysis over a wide pressure range.
  • Multi-spectral correlation analysis.

Main Results:

  • Two stages of fluorescence enhancement observed, correlated with phase transitions (I→II, II→IV).
  • Anomalous simultaneous fluorescence enhancement and blue-shift during the II→IV transition.
  • Molecular bending and electronic structure reconstruction leading to quenching beyond 7.2 GPa (IV→V transition).

Conclusions:

  • High pressure significantly alters pyrene's crystal structure and photophysical properties.
  • The study provides new insights into high-pressure spectral behaviors, challenging existing models.
  • Established a detailed correlation between pressure, structure, and spectral properties for pyrene.