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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form the...
General Structure of a Vertebra01:30

General Structure of a Vertebra

A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous column.
Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

Spinal Nerves: Anatomy

Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
There are 31 bilateral pairs of spinal nerves, each emerging from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina—openings between adjacent vertebrae. These nerves are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Dendritic Spine Quantification Using an Automatic Three-Dimensional Neuron Reconstruction Software
07:45

Dendritic Spine Quantification Using an Automatic Three-Dimensional Neuron Reconstruction Software

Published on: September 27, 2024

Degenerative Spine.

Simranjeet Kaur1, Radhesh Krishna Lalam1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Oswestry, SY107AG, UK.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America
|July 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Spine degeneration involves progressive changes, often linked to aging and disease. Advanced MRI techniques aim to detect early biochemical shifts in degenerative disc disease before structural damage occurs.

Keywords:
DegenerationFacet jointsHerniationIntervertebral discMRIMyelopathySpineStenosis

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Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity
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Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity

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Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
06:22

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration

Published on: July 8, 2021

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Dendritic Spine Quantification Using an Automatic Three-Dimensional Neuron Reconstruction Software
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Dendritic Spine Quantification Using an Automatic Three-Dimensional Neuron Reconstruction Software

Published on: September 27, 2024

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity
06:45

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity

Published on: September 16, 2022

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
06:22

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration

Published on: July 8, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Radiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Spine degeneration is a complex process involving biomechanical changes over time.
  • Disc degeneration results from physiological aging and pathological conditions, with unclear distinctions.
  • Degenerative disc disease significantly impacts quality of life, causing substantial disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the continuum of spine degeneration.
  • To highlight the role of standard and emerging MR imaging techniques.
  • To emphasize the need for better understanding of degenerative disc disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on spine degeneration.
  • Discussion of standard Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging.
  • Exploration of novel quantitative MR imaging techniques.

Main Results:

  • Spine degeneration is a progressive continuum of alterations.
  • Standard MR imaging is crucial for evaluation.
  • Emerging quantitative MR imaging can detect early biochemical changes.

Conclusions:

  • Degenerative disc disease is not fully understood.
  • Early detection via advanced MR imaging is promising.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms and improve management.