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Local deformation mapping reveals diffusion through microstructures.

Arindam Raj^1,2, Michael Aderibigbe^1,2, Ethen Thomas Lund^1,2

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Nature Communications

|July 13, 2026

Summary

Local Deformation Mapping (LDM) provides high-resolution, high-throughput characterization of atomic diffusion in materials. This technique enables detailed mapping of plastic deformation and chemical composition, advancing materials science understanding.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Metallurgy
Nanotechnology

Background:

Understanding microstructure-property relationships, especially those involving atomic diffusion during plastic deformation, is a significant challenge.
Existing methods face limitations in balancing spatial resolution, sampling area, and throughput.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce Local Deformation Mapping (LDM) as a novel high-resolution, high-throughput characterization technique.
To enable precise mapping of local diffusion and chemical composition within material microstructures.

Main Methods:

LDM involves pressing a nanomold onto a microstructure to create a nanorod array, serving as a deformation map.
Analysis of nanorod dimensions and composition, coupled with an analytic model, generates diffusivity maps.
The technique achieves ~10 nm² resolution over macroscopic areas (~cm²), yielding up to ~10¹² data points per experiment.

Main Results:

Demonstrated one-step determination of grain boundary diffusivity as a function of misorientation angle.
Characterized temperature-dependent deformation behavior in materials.
Identified previously unknown fast diffusion pathways within interphase boundaries in eutectic-containing alloys.

Conclusions:

LDM is a powerful platform for quantitative analysis of structure-property relationships.
The technique facilitates a deeper understanding of diffusion mechanisms across a wide range of materials and temperatures.
LDM advances the field of materials characterization by offering unprecedented resolution and throughput.